Full Report
View CSAF 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CVSS v3 5.4 ATTENTION: Low attack complexity Vendor: Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD) Equipment: FACSChorus Vulnerabilities: Missing Protection Mechanism for Alternate Hardware Interface, Missing Authentication for Critical Function, Improper Authentication, Use of Hard-coded Credentials, Insecure Inherited Permissions, 2. RISK EVALUATION Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker with physical access to the device to modify system configurations, obtain access to sensitive information, or access components of the system. 3. TECHNICAL DETAILS 3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS The following BD products are affected: BD FACSChorus (HP Z2 G9 workstation, shipped with FACSDiscover S8 Cell Sorter): v5.0 and v5.1 BD FACSChorus (HP Z2 G5 workstation, shipped with FACSMelody Cell Sorter): v3.0 and v3.1 3.2 Vulnerability Overview 3.2.1 MISSING PROTECTION MECHANISM FOR ALTERNATE HARDWARE INTERFACE CWE-1299 In BD FACSChorus v5.0, v5.1, v3.0, and v3.1, the respective workstation operating system does not restrict what devices can interact with its USB ports. If exploited, a threat actor with physical access to the workstation could gain access to system information and potentially exfiltrate data. CVE-2023-29060 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H). 3.2.2 MISSING AUTHENTICATION FOR CRITICAL FUNCTION CWE-306 In the BD FACSChorus v5.0, v5.1, v3.0, and v3.1 workstation, there is no BIOS password. A threat actor with physical access to the workstation can potentially exploit this vulnerability to access the BIOS configuration and modify the drive boot order and BIOS pre-boot authentication. CVE-2023-29061 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H). 3.2.3 IMPROPER AUTHENTICATION CWE-287 In BD FACSChorus v5.0, v5.1, v3.0, and v3.1, the operating system hosting the FACSChorus application is configured to allow transmission of hashed user credentials upon user action without adequately validating the identity of the requested resource. This is possible through the use of LLMNR, MBT-NS, or MDNS and will result in NTLMv2 hashes being sent to a malicious entity position on the local network. These hashes can subsequently be attacked through brute force and cracked if a weak password is used. This attack would only apply to domain joined systems. CVE-2023-29062 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 3.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N). 3.2.4 MISSING PROTECTION MECHANISM FOR ALTERNATE HARDWARE INTERFACE CWE-1299 In BD FACSChorus v5.0, v5.1, v3.0, and v3.1, the workstation does not prevent physical access to its PCI express (PCIe) slots, which could allow a threat actor to insert a PCI card designed for memory capture. A threat actor can isolate sensitive information such as a BitLocker encryption key from a dump of the workstation RAM during startup. CVE-2023-29063 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 2.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N). 3.2.5 USE OF HARD-CODED CREDENTIALS CWE-798 In BD FACSChorus v5.0 and v5.1, the software contains sensitive information stored in plaintext. A threat actor could gain hardcoded secrets used by the application, which include tokens and passwords for administrative accounts. CVE-2023-29064 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 4.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L). 3.2.6 INSECURE INHERITED PERMISSIONS CWE-277 In BD FACSChorus v5.0 and v5.1, the software database can be accessed directly with the privileges of the currently logged-in user. A threat actor with physical access could potentially gain credentials, which could be used to alter or destroy data stored in the database. CVE-2023-29065 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 4.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L). 3.2.7 INCORRECT PRIVILEGE ASSIGNMENT CWE-266 In BD FACSChorus v5.0 and v5.1 and the respective workstations, the software does not properly assign data access privileges for operating system user accounts. A non-administrative OS account can modify information stored in the local application data folders. CVE-2023-29066 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 3.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L). 3.3 BACKGROUND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Healthcare and Public Health COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States 3.4 RESEARCHER Michael Aguilar (v3ga) of Secureworks, Milind Sunilbhai Purswani and BD reported these vulnerabilities to CISA. 4. MITIGATIONS Vulnerabilities associated with the BD FACSChorus software and workstations will be addressed in an upcoming release. This bulletin will be updated when more information is available. Check back periodically for updates. BD recommends the following mitigations and compensating controls to reduce risk associated with these vulnerabilities. The following recommendations apply to all vulnerabilities listed in this bulletin: Ensure physical access controls are in place and only authorized end-users have access to the BD FACSChorus Software and respective workstation. If the BD FACSChorus workstation is connected to the local network, ensure industry standard network security policies and procedures are followed. Administrative access to the FACSChorus software and workstation should be strictly controlled by the user in collaboration with their local IT security policy. The vulnerabilities impact the BD FACSChorus v5.0, v5.1, v3.0, and v3.1and their workstations. None of the vulnerabilities above impact the operation or instrument functionality of the BD FACSDiscover S8 Cell Sorter or the BD FACSMelody Cell Sorter. For additional information, refer to BD's Security Bulletin. CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this these vulnerabilities, such as: Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet. Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks. When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices. CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures. CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies. CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets. Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies. Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents. No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. These vulnerabilities are not exploitable remotely. 5. UPDATE HISTORY November 28, 2023: Initial Publication
Analysis Summary
# Vulnerability: Multiple Flaws in BD FACSChorus Relating to Physical Access and Authentication
## CVE Details
- CVE ID: CVE-2023-29060, CVE-2023-29061, CVE-2023-29062, CVE-2023-29063, CVE-2023-29064, CVE-2023-29065
- CVSS Score: 5.4 (Low - based on the highest listed score)
- CWE: CWE-1299 (Missing Protection Mechanism for Alternate Hardware Interface), CWE-306 (Missing Authentication for Critical Function), CWE-287 (Improper Authentication), CWE-798 (Use of Hard-coded Credentials), CWE-277 (Insecure Inherited Permissions)
## Affected Systems
- Products: BD FACSChorus
- Versions:
- Running on HP Z2 G9 workstation (Shipped with FACSDiscover S8 Cell Sorter): v5.0 and v5.1
- Running on HP Z2 G5 workstation (Shipped with FACSMelody Cell Sorter): v3.0 and v3.1
- Configurations: Vulnerabilities generally require physical access to the workstation. CVE-2023-29062 also applies only to domain-joined systems.
## Vulnerability Description
This advisory covers multiple vulnerabilities in the BD FACSChorus workstation operating system and application, primarily stemming from inadequate controls accessible via physical access. These include:
1. **Missing Protection Mechanism for Alternate Hardware Interface (CVE-2023-29060):** Unrestricted USB port access allows physical attackers to potentially access system information and exfiltrate data.
2. **Missing Authentication for Critical Function (CVE-2023-29061):** Lack of a BIOS password allows physical attackers to access and modify BIOS configuration, including drive boot order and pre-boot authentication.
3. **Improper Authentication (CVE-2023-29062):** The OS allows transmission of hashed user credentials (NTLMv2) via LLMNR, MBT-NS, or MDNS without adequate resource validation, allowing capture by a local network attacker on domain-joined systems.
4. **Missing Protection Mechanism for Alternate Hardware Interface (PCIe) (CVE-2023-29063):** Unsecured PCIe slots allow physical insertion of a memory capture card to obtain sensitive data like BitLocker encryption keys from RAM dumps during startup.
5. **Use of Hard-coded Credentials (CVE-2023-29064):** Plaintext storage of sensitive secrets, including tokens and passwords for administrative accounts, within FACSChorus versions v5.0 and v5.1.
6. **Insecure Inherited Permissions (CVE-2023-29065):** The software database can be accessed directly using the privileges of the currently logged-in user, potentially allowing data alteration or destruction if credentials are obtained.
## Exploitation
- Status: No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.
- Complexity: Low (Specific vulnerabilities noted as having Low Attack Complexity, and all require physical access or local network presence).
- Attack Vector: Primarily Physical (P) or Adjacent Network (A).
## Impact
- Confidentiality: Low to Moderate (System info exposure, hash capture, sensitive data/key exfiltration)
- Integrity: Low to Moderate (Modification of BIOS settings, alteration/destruction of database data)
- Availability: Low to High (Modification of boot order potentially affecting availability; CVE-2023-29061 lists High Impact to Availability)
## Remediation
### Patches
No specific patch versions were listed in the provided context. Remediation should be sought directly from the vendor, Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD).
### Workarounds
The advisory strongly recommends applying general defensive measures focused on restricting physical and network access:
1. Minimize network exposure for all control system devices/systems and ensure they are not accessible from the internet.
2. Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolate them from business networks.
3. When remote access is necessary, use secure methods like updated Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).
## Detection
- Indicators of compromise: Unauthorized changes to BIOS configuration, unexpected network traffic related to LLMNR/MBT-NS/MDNS authentication exchanges, suspicious connection of unauthorized USB devices, or evidence of physical tampering (e.g., open case, new hardware installed).
- Detection methods and tools: Monitor device physical access logs, endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools for unexpected process executions, and network monitoring for unauthorized broadcast/multicast name resolution queries.
## References
- Vendor Advisories: (Information was not explicitly provided in the scope of the summary)
- Relevant links:
- CISA View CSAF: hxxps://github.com/cisagov/CSAF
- Defense-in-Depth Strategies: hxxps://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
- Proactive ICS Defense: hxxps://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Cybersecurity_Best_Practices_for_Industrial_Control_Systems.pdf
- Targeted Intrusion Detection: hxxps://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/tips/ICS-TIP-12-146-01B
- General ICS Information: hxxps://www.cisa.gov/topics/industrial-control-systems