Full Report
Cisco Talos’ Vulnerability Discovery & Research team recently disclosed five vulnerabilities in Nvidia and one in Adobe Acrobat.The vulnerabilities mentioned in this blog post have been patched by their respective vendors, all in adherence to Cisco’s third-party vulnerability disclosure policy. For Snort
Analysis Summary
# Vulnerability: Multiple Vulnerabilities in Nvidia CUDA Toolkit and Adobe Acrobat Reader
## CVE Details
- CVE ID: CVE-2025-23339, CVE-2025-23338, CVE-2025-23340, CVE-2025-23271, CVE-2025-23308, CVE-2025-54257
- CVSS Score: Not explicitly provided in the source; severity is implied by impact (Arbitrary Code Execution, Out-of-Bounds Write).
- CWE: Arbitrary Code Execution (CWE-787/CWE-20 for OOB/Improper Indexing), Use-After-Free.
## Affected Systems
- **Products:** Nvidia CUDA Toolkit, NVIDIA cuobjdump, NVIDIA nvdisasm, Adobe Acrobat Reader.
- **Versions:**
- NVIDIA cuobjdump: 12.8.55 (for CVE-2025-23339)
- NVIDIA nvdisasm: 12.8.90 (for CVE-2025-23338, CVE-2025-23340, CVE-2025-23271, CVE-2025-23308)
- Adobe Acrobat Reader: 2025.001.20531
- **Configurations:** Processing specially crafted files (fatbin, ELF) or opening malicious PDF documents.
## Vulnerability Description
**Nvidia Issues (CUDA Toolkit):**
1. **CVE-2025-23339 (cuobjdump):** An arbitrary code execution vulnerability in the DWARF parsing functionality. Triggered by processing a specially crafted fatbin file.
2. **CVE-2025-23338 (nvdisasm):** An improper array index validation vulnerability during symbol table parsing in an ELF file, leading to an out-of-bounds write.
3. **CVE-2025-23340 (nvdisasm):** An out-of-bounds write vulnerability during RELA section parsing in an ELF file, potentially leading to code execution.
4. **CVE-2025-23271 & CVE-2025-23308 (nvdisasm):** A heap-based buffer overflow (CVE-2025-23271) and an out-of-bounds write (CVE-2025-23308) vulnerability in the REL section header parsing of ELF files, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution.
**Adobe Issue (Acrobat Reader):**
* **CVE-2025-54257:** A use-after-free vulnerability in the page property functionality. Specially crafted Javascript within a malicious PDF can trigger reuse of a freed object, leading to memory corruption and potential arbitrary code execution.
## Exploitation
- **Status:** Patched by vendors. Exploitation status 'in the wild' is not explicitly mentioned, but the potential for code execution is high.
- **Complexity:**
- Nvidia (File Parsing): Requires providing a malicious file, suggesting **Medium** complexity.
- Adobe (Use-After-Free): Requires tricking a user into opening a malicious file, suggesting **Medium** complexity.
- **Attack Vector:** Network (delivery) leading to local execution upon file processing/opening.
## Impact
- **Confidentiality:** High (Potential for Arbitrary Code Execution allows data exfiltration).
- **Integrity:** High (Potential for Arbitrary Code Execution allows system compromise).
- **Availability:** High (Potential for Arbitrary Code Execution allows system disruption/crash).
## Remediation
### Patches
- All listed vulnerabilities have been patched by their respective vendors (Nvidia and Adobe). Specific patch versions are not detailed in the summary, referencing the need to check vendor advisories.
### Workarounds
- No specific workarounds were detailed in the provided text, as patches were already released. General mitigation would involve restricting file processing or user interaction with untrusted files.
## Detection
- **Indicators of Compromise:** Successful exploitation would likely manifest as unexpected process execution or memory corruption errors related to CUDA/PDF processing utilities.
- **Detection methods and tools:** Download the latest rule sets from Snort.org for coverage designed to detect exploitation of these vulnerabilities.
## References
- Vendor advisories (Implied, necessary to retrieve specific patch versions).
- Relevant links:
- talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2155 (defanged)
- talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2169 (defanged)
- talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2172 (defanged)
- talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2191 (defanged)
- talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2204 (defanged)
- talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2222 (defanged)
- blog.talosintelligence.com/author/kri/ (defanged)
- snort.org (defanged)
- talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports (defanged)