Full Report
View CSAF 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CVSS v3 7.8 ATTENTION: Low attack complexity Vendor: Santesoft Equipment: Sante DICOM Viewer Pro Vulnerabilities: Out-of-bounds Write, Stack-based Buffer Overflow 2. RISK EVALUATION Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to disclose information and execute arbitrary code. 3. TECHNICAL DETAILS 3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS The following Santesoft products are affected: Sante DICOM Viewer Pro: v12.2.4 and prior 3.2 Vulnerability Overview 3.2.1 OUT-OF-BOUNDS-WRITE CWE-787 Sante DICOM Viewer Pro lacks proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing DICOM files. This could lead to an out-of-bounds write. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. CVE-2023-39431 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). 3.2.2 STACK-BASED BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-121 Sante DICOM Viewer Pro lacks proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing DICOM files. This could lead to a stack-based buffer overflow. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. CVE-2023-35986 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). 3.3 BACKGROUND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Healthcare and Public Health COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Cyprus 3.4 RESEARCHER Michael Heinzl reported these vulnerabilities to CISA. 4. MITIGATIONS Santesoft released an updated version of their product and recommends updating Sante DICOM Viewer Pro to v12.2.6. CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks: Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages. Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams. Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks. CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities. CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures. CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies. CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets. Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies. Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents. No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. These vulnerabilities are not exploitable remotely. 5. UPDATE HISTORY October 12, 2023: Initial Publication
Analysis Summary
# Vulnerability: Sante DICOM Viewer Pro Out-of-bounds Write and Stack Buffer Overflow
## CVE Details
- CVE ID: CVE-2023-39431, CVE-2023-35986
- CVSS Score: 7.8 (High)
- CWE: CWE-787 (Out-of-bounds Write), CWE-121 (Stack-based Buffer Overflow)
## Affected Systems
- Products: Sante DICOM Viewer Pro
- Versions: v12.2.4 and prior
- Configurations: Vulnerability is triggered when parsing specially crafted DICOM files.
## Vulnerability Description
Two vulnerabilities exist in Sante DICOM Viewer Pro due to a lack of proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing DICOM files:
1. **CVE-2023-39431 (Out-of-bounds Write - CWE-787):** Leads to an out-of-bounds write, potentially allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process.
2. **CVE-2023-35986 (Stack-based Buffer Overflow - CWE-121):** Leads to a stack-based buffer overflow, potentially allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process.
Both vulnerabilities have a CVSS v3 score of 7.8, indicating a High severity rating. The vector string for both is AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H (Local Attack Vector, Low Attack Complexity, No Privileges Required, User Interaction Required).
## Exploitation
- Status: PoC available (implied by the context indicating low attack complexity, though not explicitly stated as public exploit, only that no known public exploitation has been reported to CISA)
- Complexity: Low (AC:L)
- Attack Vector: Local (AV:L)
## Impact
- Confidentiality: High (C:H)
- Integrity: High (I:H)
- Availability: High (A:H)
## Remediation
### Patches
- Sante DICOM Viewer Pro updated to **v12.2.6**.
### Workarounds
- The vulnerability is not exploitable remotely.
- Users should take generic social engineering precautions:
* Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
## Detection
- **Indicators of Compromise:** Arbitrary code execution resulting from processing a manipulated DICOM file.
- **Detection methods and tools:** Organizations should refer to CISA guidance on defense-in-depth and proactive ICS defense, although specific IoCs for these files are not detailed here.
## References
- Vendor Advisory: santesoft com/win/sante-dicom-viewer-pro/download/
- CISA ICS Webpage: cisa gov/topics/industrial-control-systems
- CISA Publication: cisa gov/uscert/sites/default/files/publications/emailscams0905 pdf
- CISA Publication: cisa gov/uscert/ncas/tips/ST04-014
- CISA Publication: us-cert cisa gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC\_ICS-CERT\_Defense\_in\_Depth\_2016\_S508C pdf
- CISA Publication: cisa gov/sites/default/files/publications/Cybersecurity\_Best\_Practices\_for\_Industrial\_Control\_Systems pdf
- CISA Publication: cisa gov/uscert/ics/tips/ICS-TIP-12-146-01B